Which category of diuretics is associated with the side effects of hyperkalemia and menstrual disturbances?

Potassium-sparing diuretics are specifically designed to help the body retain potassium while promoting the excretion of sodium and water. This mechanism is why these diuretics are associated with the risk of hyperkalemia, which is an elevated level of potassium in the blood. Hyperkalemia can occur because these diuretics inhibit sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules of the nephron, which can lead to increased potassium retention.

Additionally, potassium-sparing diuretics can interfere with hormonal pathways, particularly those involving aldosterone. This interference can lead to menstrual disturbances, such as irregular periods or changes in menstrual flow. These side effects make potassium-sparing diuretics unique compared to other classes of diuretics, which typically have different side effect profiles.